Kinetische Gleichungen für Systeme mit unendlich vielen Freiheitsgraden

In der Theorie stochastischer Prozesse und in der statistischen Mechanik versteht man unter kinetischen Gleichungen Differentialgleichungen für zeitabhängige Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichten, die in der Regel auf das Lebesgue-Maß bezogen sind. Dies ist für unendlich-dimensionale Räume nicht möglich, da sich für sie kein dem Lebesgue-Maß entsprechendes Maß definieren läßt. Keine besonderen Schwierigkeiten macht in unendlich-dimensionalen Räumen die Definition von Wahrscheinlichkeitsmaßen. Deshalb ist es praktisch, für Systeme mit unendlich vielen Freiheitsgraden Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichten gegen ein Wahrscheinlichkeitsmaß zu beziehen, das möglichst viele nützliche Eigenschaften des Lebesgue-Maßes hat. Die herausragende Eigenschaft des Lebesgue-Maßes ist seine Beziehung zur üblichen Differentiation, die gekoppelt ist mit anderen Eigenschaften. Wir werden hier eine Reihe der wichtigsten Beziehungen aufführen, um darlegen zu können, welche Eigenschaften für Systeme mit unendlich vielen Freiheitsgraden durch Modifikation beibehalten werden können, welche nicht. Die sich durch die Veränderung des Bezugsmaßes ergebenden Konsequenzen für kinetische Gleichungen werden am Schluß behandelt

Falsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within The Frame Of Physics

The atmospheric greenhouse effect, an idea that many authors trace back to the traditional works of Fourier (1824), Tyndall (1861), and Arrhenius (1896), and which is still supported in global climatology, essentially describes a fictitious mechanism, in which a planetary atmosphere acts as a heat pump driven by an environment that is radiatively interacting with but radiatively equilibrated to the atmospheric system. According to the second law of thermodynamics such a planetary machine can never exist. Nevertheless, in almost all texts of global climatology and in a widespread secondary literature it is taken for granted that such mechanism is real and stands on a firm scientific foundation. In this paper the popular conjecture is analyzed and the underlying physical principles are clarified. By showing that (a) there are no common physical laws between the warming phenomenon in glass houses and the fictitious atmospheric greenhouse effects, (b) there are no calculations to determine an average surface temperature of a planet, (c) the frequently mentioned difference of 33 degrees Celsius is a meaningless number calculated wrongly, (d) the formulas of cavity radiation are used inappropriately, (e) the assumption of a radiative balance is unphysical, (f) thermal conductivity and friction must not be set to zero, the atmospheric greenhouse conjecture is falsified.Comment: 115 pages, 32 figures, 13 tables (some typos corrected

Patterns of alcohol consumption and acute myocardial infarction: a case-crossover analysis

Background: Alcohol consumption has been causally related to the incidence of coronary heart disease, but the role of alcohol before the event has not been explored in depth. This study tested the hypothesis that heavy drinking (binge drinking) increases the risk of subsequent acute myocardial infarctions (AMI), whereas light to moderate drinking occasions decrease the risk. Methods: Case-crossover design of 250 incident AMI cases in Switzerland, with main hypotheses tested by conditional logistic regression. Results: Alcohol consumption 12 h before the event significantly increased the risk of AMI (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.9). Separately, the effects of moderate and binge drinking before the event on AMI were of similar size but did not reach significance. In addition, AMI patients showed more binge drinking than comparable control subjects from the Swiss general population. Conclusions: We found no evidence that alcohol consumption before the event had protective effects on AMI. Instead, alcohol consumption increased the risk